第十一节 强调句、倒装句、省略句15-1

　　一、强调句(参见it的用法)

　　强调句型由"It is (was) + 被强调的成份(主语、宾语、状语)+ that"构成，当被强调的主语表示人时，that可以用who替代，谓语在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。

　　It is he who speaks English fluently.

　　It was not until midnight that he went to sleep last night.

　　二、倒装句

　　句子在以下场合往往用倒装的句序：

　　1.以here, there开头的句子。

　　Here comes the bus.

　　2.以so, nor, neither引导的省略句。

　　如果前一个句子是肯定句，后边用so来引导倒装，这种句子是部分倒转：助动词+主语+正常语序。如果前一个句子是否定句，后边用nor或neither引导，结构同so。倒装句在时态上应与前面的句子保持一致，助动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。

　　If you can do it, so can I.

　　I like watch football matches, so does my brother.

　　If you won't go, neither will he.

　　My sister doesn't like potatoes, nor do I.

　　3."only +状语(从句)"，否定或具有否定意义的词位于句首作状语或引导状语从句的句子。

　　Only in this way can you hope to improve your English.

　　Not only did he show himself as a good student, but he also proved himself a good athlete.

　　Scarcely had I sat down when I heard the telephone rang.(scarcely…when=as aoon as)

　　Hardly had he arrived in the city when he heard the bad news.

　　(hardly…when=as soon as)

　　No sooner had he come home than he was asked to start on another journey.(no sooner…than=as soon as)

　　Little did I know about the matter.

　　In no way can theory be separated from practice.

　　1. I visited Zhangjiajie last summer. Never in my life ______ so beautiful a place like that.

　　A. I had seen B. did I see C. have I seen D. I shall see

　　答案 C

　　2. _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.

　　A. Little they realize B. They little do realize

　　C. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize

　　答案 D

　　三、省略句

　　1.对话中内容省略

　　"Will you join us?" "I'd love to"

　　"I'm hungry. " "Are you?"

　　"What did you buy?" "A dictionary."

　　2.不定式省略

　　I'll buy the tickets if you want me to.

　　I meant to write to you, but forgot to.

　　3.并列句中成份省略

　　He majors in French and I in Russian.

　　They tried to help her, but in vain.

　　4.复合句中成份省略

　　Look out for cars when crossing the street.(look out 当心)

　　To criticize like him one must be as wise.

　　5. do有时用于省略句中，替代上文出现的动词及其宾语。如：

　　Computers are supposed to save time, but I'm not so sure they do. (save time)

　　be supposed to do sth.:

　　1. 被期望或被要求做某事

　　They were supposed to be here an hour ago.

　　2. 用于否定句中，获准做某事。

　　You're not supposed to play football in the classroom.

　　"The old house belongs to the Greens."

　　"Oh, no, ________."(答案 C)

　　A. it mustn't B. it hasn't C. it doesn't D. it didn't

　　(belong to 属于)

　　省略句常运用于是常对话的上下文中。如I think so, I'd love to, I'm afraid not 等。句型"Why not …?"以及动词do也常在考核点之列，考生应注意Why not 后面接动词原形，而动词do或其过去式常可以用来代替上文中的动词及其宾语、表语。

　　1.Why not ________ as she likes ?

　　A. let her to do B. letting her to do

　　C. let her do D. lets her do

　　(答案 C)

　　2."I'll ring her up when I go out to lunch."

　　"Why not do it now?"(it代替的是ring her up)

　　3.She plays the piano better now than she did last year.

　　(did代替的是played the piano)

　　4."Who broke the window?"

　　"I did."(did代替的是broke the window)