第十节 句子的分类
一、按用途分类
句子按用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
(一)陈述句
陈述句说明一个事实或是表达说话人的看法。如：
She arrived quite early.
I don't see any point in making another speech on this problem.
(二)疑问句
疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1.一般疑问句
一般疑问句通常以助动词开始，要求以yes 或no回答。如：
"Will you pass on a message to him?" "Yes, what's it?"
"Do you like sports?" "No, I prefer reading in my spare time. "
2.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句以疑问代词开头，后面通常接一般疑问句，如果疑问词或其修饰的词作句子的主语，后面应用陈述句句序。如：
How much did she charge ?
Who is responsible for the accident?(be responsible for 为……负责)
"______ do you record the temperature in the lab?"
"Every two hours."
A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How much(答案 C how often 表示频率，how soon最快……，how long 一段延续的时间，how much 问价钱)
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句在结构上类似于一般疑问句，选择的两部分由or连接起来。如：
Do you prefer coffee or tea? -Either will do.
Are you from Shanghai or Suzhou?-I'm from Suzhou.
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个简短的问句。如果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分用否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分主语的人称、时态应保持一致。如：
You are going out today, aren't you?
We can't take the books out, can we?
当反意疑问句的前一部分是否定句，或含有no, nothing, never, hardly, seldom等词时，回答时应特别注意。事实上肯定的用yes，事实上否定的用no。
You won't be away for long, will you?-No, I'll be back in ten minutes.
He is hardly ten, is he?-Yes, he is ten.
You haven't any objection to the idea, have you?-No, I haven't.(objection to 反对，to是介词)
They have no classes tomorrow, have they?-No, they haven't.
日常用语中有些反意疑问句构成与上述不同，有其独特的方式。如：
Have a cup of tea, will you?
Let's meet at the station, shall we?
What a lovely day, isn't it?
(三)祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等，主语一般是you，在句子中省略，谓语动词用原形，否定一般在谓语前加don't 。如：
Let's not waste time arguing about it. (waste time doing)
Be sure to come here before nine.
Don't do that again.
Don't hesitatie to turn to me if you are in trouble. (turn to sb.向某人求助)
(四)感叹句
感叹句表示说话人的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪，一般由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。What + n.; How+ adj. 如：
What good news it is!
How good the news is!
What silly questions you asked!
How silly the questions you asked!
What a bad memory I've got! I even forgot to bring the book with me.
How bad the memory I've got!
