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festival,holiday,vacation
festival指盛大的节日,或定期在某地举行的主题节日;如音乐节等。
holiday源自“holy”,原意为“神圣的日子”,或指国家或民族规定的节日。后词意扩展,指一切不工作的日子。
vacation任何节假日或休息日,持续时间较长,主要用于美国。在英国,则着重指法院和大学的假期。
A.The Spring ___ is the most important day in China.
B.Will you spend your ___abroad this year?
C.While I’m away on ___,Mr Smith will take over my job.
Answers:A. Festival B.holidays/vacation C.vacation
finally;at last;in the end
本组词语均有“终于”之意,但有区别。
finally的用法有二:
用来表示某一动作发生的顺序是在“最后”。
例如:Finally,turn off the lights and lock the door.最后关上灯锁好门。
是用在句中动词前,表示等了好久“终于……”。例如:
We waited and waited,and finally they arrived.我们等了又等,(最后)他们终于来了。
at last是表示经过一番曲折或努力之后某事才发生,强调其结果,其语气和感情色彩较强。
At last the project has been completed and we can rest.这项工程终于竣工了,我们可以休息了。
in the end用法有二:
*表示经过若干周折或努力而“最后”发生了某事。例如:
We did experiment after experiment,and in the end we got a good harvest of rice in Africa.
我们作了一个又一个实验,(最后)终于在非洲获得了水稻丰收。
*表示预测未来(而finally和at last无此用法)。例如:
He hopes that his son will be a fine teacher in the end.他希望他儿子最终成为一名优秀教师。
find/found/founded
find意为“发现、找到”,为动词原形。
found既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词,本身又是一个动词原形,意为“建立、成立、创办”。如:
He has already found his watch. 他已经找到了手表。
founded为动词found的过去式和过去分词。如:
The school was founded ten years ago. 这所学校是十年前创办的。
fit; be fit for; be fit to
fit可用作及物或不及物动词,意为“适合”,“合身”,主要指大小适合。如:
This cap fits me well.这顶帽子很适合我。
The coat doesn’t fit me well. 这件大衣不太合身。
另外,fit还有“安装”、“试穿”之意。如:
You can fit this skirt on your daughter.你可以给你的女儿试一下这条裙子。
I will fit my new house with a telephone.我要在新房间装电话。
be fit for意为“适合;能胜任”。其中,fit是形容词,意为“适合的;能胜任的”,for后面接名词或-ing形式。如:
The water in the well is fit for drinking.这口井里的水可以喝。
The man is not fit for his office.那人不称职。
Your shoes are not fit for traveling.你的鞋子不适合旅行。
be fit to意为“适合;能胜任”。在这个短语中,fit也是形容词,to为动词不定式符号,因此后面只能接动词原形。如:
The food is not fit to eat. 这食物不可以吃。
The girl is easy to get angry,so she is not fit to be a nurse. 这女孩容易发脾气,因此她不适合当护士。
forbid ban prohibit都含“禁止”的意思。
forbid系常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事”, 如:
The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。
ban 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语,
如:Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器!
prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”, 如:
The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不准离开营房。
suit;fit;suitable
fit用作及物动词,意为“与……相符、符合;合……身”;用作不及物动词,意为“适合、合身”。多指衣物等尺寸大小合身、合脚。
suit意为“适合”。多指衣物等的颜色、款式、质地等适合,穿起来协调、好看;合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。如:
This coat doesn't suit you.这件外套不适合你。(比较:This coat doesn't fit you.这件外套不合你的身。)
fit直接可用作形容词,常构成be fit for意为“适于;称职”;suit的形容词为suitable,be suitable for相当于be fit for。另外:suit常用作名词,意为“一套/副(衣服等)”:a man's suit包括外套 jacket,背心waist coat和裤子trousers,a woman's suit包括上衣coat和裙子skirt; fit还可作“安装”解。
for example;such as;like
such as用来举例说明,通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面。
for example常用来补充说明,表示在众多的例子中仅仅取一、二加以说明、解释。
like是介词,意为“像”。
[EXERCISES]
1.Many books on English study,____ School English are popular among school students.
2.Some students,Wang Lin,____ like country music very much.
3.I’m going to be a pop star ____ Michael Jackson.
ANSWER:1.such as 2.for example 3.like
for the first time;the first time
for the first time 首次;第一次。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事,在句中一般单独作状语。例如:
The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term. 两位女生开学初首次交谈。
the first time 首次;第一次。常引导时间状语从句,其重点不是讲第一次做什么,而是说明另一动作或情况;也可以作表语,强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。例如:
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her. 第一次见到她,我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
This is the first time I have been to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次去长城。
G
gather round; gather in; gather up; gather from
gather round表示“聚集在……周围”、“聚集在一起”。
gather in表示“收获?庄稼?”。
gather up表示“收拾起来”、“抱起来”。
gather from表示“从……推测”、“从……推想”,后面与that-clause连用。
[练]
①I ____ her letter that she is very happy now.
②The students in our class ____ Mr Wang.
③You'd better ____ your books and put them away.
④The farmers ____ the wheat now.
⑤All the workers ____ him and asked him what was wrong with him at all.?
(Key: ①gather from ②gathered round ③gather up ④are gathering in ⑤gathered round)
get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);flee (from)
这几个词均可表示“逃”,但含义有别:
escape指安全地“逃走或跑掉”,强调结果;
get away from及run away from表示“逃”的动作或行为,含有动作快速而敏捷之意,多用于口语中;
flee强调“逃”这一动作急促或迅速,不强调结果。选用时根据上下文的含义来定。如:
The bird has escaped from the cage.那只鸟逃出鸟笼了。
He ran away/got away/escaped from the fire.他从火灾中逃出来了。
He fled (from) the burning house.他从燃烧的房子中逃出。
另外,表示“从某处抽身”,一般用get away from。如:
I’m afraid she can’t get away from the meeting. 我恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。
give up; give in; give out
give up指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃,可用作及物动词,跟名词或v-ing作宾语;也可作不及物动词;
give in指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等,而按别人的要求去做,一般作不及物动词;
give out意为“用完;耗尽;体力不支”,是不及物动词。
例如:
①The wind was strong and the waves were big,so he had to give up attempting/his attempt to swim the channel.风急浪高,他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算。
②All the girls finished the race except two who gave up half way.
除有两个中途放弃外,?其它所有的姑娘都跑完了比赛的全程。
③As neither of the two sides would give in,the agreement fell through.
由于双方都不肯让步,所以没能达成协议。
④After a long journey,my strength gave out and couldn’t walk any farther.
走了很长的路,我已筋疲力尽,再也走不动了。
glance; stare; glare
这组动词都与“看”有关。glance意为“匆匆一瞥”,是不及物动词,其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。如:
1) He glanced at his watch.他匆匆看了一下手表。
2) She glanced down the list of names. 她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。
stare意为“凝视”,它也是一个不及物动词,其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。如:
She stared at him in surprise.她惊讶地瞪着他看。
He was staring out to the sea. 他凝目眺望大海。
glare意为“怒视;瞪眼”,也是不及物动词,其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。如:
They stood glaring at each other.他们互相怒目而视地站着。
go on to do sth;go on doing sth.;go on with sth.
这三个短语都有继续做某事的意思,但在含义上有所不同。
go on to do sth.表示“接着做另一件事”,即接下去做与原来不同的一件事;
go on doing sth…表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”;
go on with sth.表示“间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”,其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下,go on doing sth.和go on with sth.可互换。例如:
After they had read the text,the students went on to do the exercises. 读完课文后,学生们继续做练习。
The students went on talking and laughing all the way. 一路上学生们一直有说有笑。
After a rest,we went on with our lesson(=After a rest,we went on having our lesson.).
休息以后,我们继续上课。
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