谓语动词是英语句子的中心词， 更是句子结构的“灵魂词”— 谓语动词决定了英语句子结构构成。例如如果一个英语陈述句中的谓语动词是不及物动词， 则该句子的基本结构通常应该是“主语 + 谓语 (+ 状语)”。 考生在复习中需要掌握成人英语三级阅读材料中常用作谓语动词， 决定和影响句子意义的动作词。
(表二十六)成人英语三级阅读材料中常见的动作词
|
动作词 |
动作词常用法 |
|
ask |
v. 询问, 问, 要求，邀请 ask for v. 要求...，请求... ask sb. to do sth. v. 要求某人做...
|
|
require |
vt. 需要，要求 require sb. to do sth. v.要求某人做...
|
|
refuse |
v.拒绝， 谢绝 refuse sb. [sb.’s request] v. 拒绝某人[某人的要求] refuse to do sth. v. 拒绝做...
|
|
doubt |
v. 怀疑n. 怀疑，疑惑 doubt whether... v. 怀疑是否... without doubt adv. 毫无疑问地 There is no doubt 毫无疑问...
|
|
prevent |
v. 防止，预防， 阻止 prevent...(from)... v. 阻止...做(某事)， 预防...遭受到...
|
|
keep |
vt. (kept, kept, keeping)保持，保存，防止，经营， 饲养 keep...from... v. 使...免于...，使...不能... keep up... v. 继续...，坚持... keep doing ... v. 继续... keep up with... v. 跟上...，赶上... keep in touch with... v. 和...保持联系
|
|
protect |
vt. 保护 protect... from [against] ... v. 使...免于遭受到...
|
|
stop |
v. (stopped, stopped, stopping)阻止， 停下n. 停止，车站 stop... from... v. 阻止某人... stop doing... v. 停止做... stop to do ... v. 停下来去做...
|
|
come |
v. (came, come, coming)来，来(自)，出现 come across... v. 偶遇..., 碰到... come up with... v. 提出(计划、回答), 作出(反应)
|
|
attend |
v.出席，上(学，教堂)， 照顾， 倾听 attend school v. 上学 be attended by... v. 由...陪同，由...照料 attend to... v.照顾..., 出席...
|
|
go |
vi. (went, gone, going) 离去，走，达到，运转， 变成 go on v. 发生，继续 go through... v. 经历... go up v. 涨价，上涨 go after ... v. 追逐..., 追求... go to school v. 上学
|
|
leave |
v. (left, left, leaving)离开，留下，使处于（某种状态） leave for... v. 出发前往... leave ...alone v. 不管... leave... behind v. 遗留..., 超过...
|
|
give |
vt.(gave, given, giving) 给，授予，举行， 传递(消息) give up... v. 放弃(念头、希望等) give in v. 屈服 give off... v. 发出(蒸汽、光等) give out v. 分发, 发出(气味、热等), 发表, 用尽
|
|
offer |
v. 提出，提供， 表示愿意(volunteer) n. 提议 offer to do ... v. 愿意做...，主动做...
|
|
take |
v. (took, taken, taking)握住，拿走，抓住，可容纳，接受 take/catch cold v. 着凉 take one’s temperature v. 测量体温 take medicine v. 吃药 take steps v. 采取步骤 take out... v. 取出... take over... v. 接收[管，任]... take care of... v. 照顾... take up ... v. 开始从事...，占据（时间等）... it takes/took sb. time/money to do... 花费某人时间/金钱做...
|
|
get |
vt.(got, got/gotten, getting) 获得，变成，染上，抓住， 到达 get to... v. 到达... get together v. 聚会 get up v. 起床 get over v. 做完，恢复 get along v. 融洽相处, 进展
|
|
pay |
v. (paid, paid, paying)支付，偿还，进行（访问），对...有利n. 工资 pay off v. 还清，报复，结清工资解雇(某人) pay for... v. 为...付款 pay attention to... v. 注意...
|
|
carry |
v.携带，搬运，传送， 输送 carry on... v. 继续... carry out... v.完成...， 执行...
|
|
know |
v. (knew, known, knowing)知道，了解，掌握...的知识 be known as... v. 被认为是... be known for... v. 因...而出名 know sth. [sb. ] from... v. 把...和...区别开 |
|
understand |
v. (understood, understood, understanding)懂，了解 make oneself understood v. 使别人理解自己的意思
|
|
think |
v.(thought, thought, thinking)认为，以为，打算 think a lot/much of... v. 看重... think about... v. 考虑..., 回想... think highly of... v. 尊重... think little of... v. 不重视... think of... v. 考虑...,想起..., 想象... think of... as... v. 把...看作... think over v. 仔细考虑, 重新考虑
|
|
believe |
v.相信，信任，认为 believe sb. v. 信任某人 believe in... v. 信仰...，信任...
|
|
consider |
vt. 考虑， 把...看作 consider...to be.. v. 把...看作...
|
|
control |
v. 控制，管理n. 控制，支配，管理(物价等) be out of control v. 不受控制 be under control v. 处于控制之下
|
|
communicate |
v. 交流，传达（思想等）， 通信 communicate with sb. v. 与...通信/交流
|
|
say |
v.(said, said, saying) 说，讲n. 意见，发言权 that is to say 即是，也就是说
|
|
tell |
vt. (told, told, telling)讲，告诉，辨别， 指示 tell sb. about... v. 把某事告诉某人 tell A from B v. 区分A与B tell ...apart v. 分辨... tell the truth v. 说实话 tell sb. to do sth. v. 吩咐某人...
|
|
argue |
v.争辩（说），争论 argue that... v. 辩解说... argue over ... v. 争论/争辩...
|
|
call |
v. 打电话， 把...称呼为， 叫喊， 拜访n. 通话， 叫喊，号召， 拜访 call off... v. 取消... call for... v. 需要...，要求... call on (sb.to do sth.) v. 号召（某人做...） call sb. sth. v. 称呼某人为 |
|
put |
vt.(put, put, putting) 放，摆，安置，表达，提出 put... aside v. 储存...备用，把...放在一边 put ...away v. 把...收好 put forward... v. 提出(意见、建议)，把时针向前拨 put off... v. 推迟... put on... v. 增加...，上演(戏剧)，穿上... put up with... v. 忍受...， 容忍...
|
|
move |
vt. 移动，感动，迁移 n.步骤 move away v. 离开 move up v. 上升 move down v. 下降
|
|
work |
v. (使)工作，(使)运转，操作n. 工作，(pl. )作品， (pl. ) 工厂 work on... v. 影响...，设法说服 work out... v. 可以解决..., 设计出..., 计算出... at work adv. 在工作, 在运转
|
|
discuss |
vt. 讨论，论述 discuss... with sb. v. 和某人讨论...
|
|
state |
vt. 声明，陈述n. 状态，国家，州 the United States n. 美利坚合众国 state one’s views v. 陈述自己的观点
|
|
announce |
v. 通告，正式宣布，发表
|
|
show |
v. (showed, shown, showing)出示，引导，显示，展览n. 表示，展览 show up v. 露面，揭露 show a sign of... v. 现出...的样子
|
|
indicate |
vt. 指出，显示
|
|
see |
v. (saw, seen, seeing)看，看见，了解，领会，考虑，观看， 会晤， 碰到 see to... v. 注意...，负责... see into... v. 调查... see sb. do ... v. 看见某人做过了... see sb. doing ... v. 看见某人正在做...
|
|
find |
vt.(found, found, finding) 找到, 发现(discover) find out... v. 发现..., 查明(真相等)
|
|
look |
vi. 看，看起来好象n. 看，面容，外表 look at... v. 看... look after... v. 照料... look for... v. 寻找... look forward to... v. 盼望...，期待... look into... v. 调查..., 观察... look up... v. 查阅... look up to... v. 尊敬... look down on... v. 轻视...，看不起... it looks/looked as if... 看起来好象... |
|
hear |
vt. (heard, heard, hearing)听到, 听说，审讯 hear of/about... v. 听说... hear from... v. 接到...的信
|
|
listen |
vi. 听, 听从 listen to ... v. 听... |
|
rely |
v. (relied, relied, relying)依赖，依靠，信赖 rely on[upon] v. 依靠...，信赖...
|
|
depend |
vi. 依靠，信任 depend on/upon v. 依靠，取决于...
|
|
play |
v. 玩，扮演，播放，进行比赛n. 游戏，运动，戏剧 play a part/role in... v. 在...中扮演一个角色, 参与... play fair v. 光明正大地比赛 play tricks on... v. 捉弄...
|
|
fight |
n./vi. 打架, 战斗 fight against... v. 对抗... fight for... v. 为...而战
|
|
compete |
vi. 比赛，竞争 compete with ... v. 与...竞争 compete for... v. 为...而竞争
|
|
promote |
vt. 促进，提升， 推广 be promoted (to be) ... v. 被提升为...
|
|
develop |
vt.发展，开发, 研制，发育, 显影 develop a habit v. 培养习惯 develop into... v. 发展成为... develop a disease v. |
|
improve |
v. 改善，改进 improve on/upon... v. 对...加以改进
|
|
create |
Vt. 创造，产生
|
|
produce |
Vt. 提出，制造，结(果实)，创作n. 产物，农产品 produce electricity v. 发电 produce effect v. 产生效果
|
|
wean |
vt. (meant, meant, meaning)意味着，想要 mean that... v. 意味着...， 意思是... mean to do... v. 打算...
|
|
want |
v. 想要，需要，追捕 n. 短缺 want to do sth. v. 想要...
|
|
wish |
n. 愿望，心愿，祝愿v. 希望，想要，祝贺 wish for... v. 希望得到...，渴望... wish (that)... v. 希望...
|
|
hope |
v. 希望， 期望n. 希望, 期望 hope to do ... v. 希望做... hope (that)... v. 希望... in hopes of... adv. 以希望...
|
|
expect |
vt/vi. 期待，预期，料想 expect sb. to do... v. 期待某人做... |
|
try |
v.(tried, tried, trying) 试图，努力，试验n. 尝试 have a try v. 试试看，尝试一下 try one's best v. 尽力 try to do sth. v. 试图...
|
|
attempt |
v. (常与to连用)企图，尝试 n. (常与at, on, to连用)努力，试图 attempt to do ... v. 试图... make an attempt to do ... v. 试图... make an attempt at doing sth. v. 试图....
|
|
lead |
v.(led, led, leading) 领导，(道路等)通向，导致n. 铅， 领导 lead a ... life v. 过...生活 lead to... v. 导致..., 通向... take the lead v. 带头
|
|
help |
vt. 帮助(assist, aid)，助长 n. 帮忙 cannot help doing sth. v. 忍不住， 禁不住 help sb. do sth. v. 帮助某人做... with the help of... adv. 在...的帮助下
|
|
provide |
v. 供应，供给，规定(prescribe, regulate) provide sb. with sth. v. 给某人提供某物 provide sth. to sb. v. 给某人提供某物
|
|
make |
vt. (made, made, making)制造，使成为，迫使， 获得 make up for... v. 补偿... make out... v. 理解..., 辨认出... be made from... v. 由...制造（经化学变化） be made of... v. 由...制造（经物理变化） be made up of... v. 由...组成
|
|
let |
v. (let, let, letting)允许， 让，出租 let down... v. 放下..., 使失望... let sb. do sth. v. 让某人做...
|
|
enable |
Vt. 使能够，使可能 enable sb. to do... v. 使人能(做)...
|
|
finish |
vt.完成, 结束(end)
|
|
like |
vt. 喜欢，希望prep. 像，如同 would like to do v. 想要... feel like doing v. 想要...
|
|
love |
n. 热爱，爱情，爱好vt. 爱，爱好 first love n. 初恋 love to do ... v. 喜欢做... love doing... v. 喜欢做...
|
|
enjoy |
vt. 享受...的乐趣，享有 enjoy oneself v. 过得快乐[愉快] love doing... v. 喜欢做...
|
|
prefer |
vt. (preferred, preferred, preferring)更喜欢，宁愿 prefer ...rather than... v. 宁愿[愿意]...而不愿... prefer A to B v. 喜欢A胜过B
|
|
share |
vt. 分享，分配n. 共享，参与，一份
|
|
dream |
v. 做梦，梦见，梦想 n. 梦，梦想 dream of... v. 梦见/梦想... dream about... v. 梦到...
|
|
sleep |
vi. (slept, slept, sleeping) 睡, 睡觉n. 睡觉 go to sleep v. 入睡，睡着 sleep-walker n. 梦游者
|
|
accept |
v. 接受， 同意
|
|
receive |
vt. 收到，接收，接待，遭受
|
|
send |
vt.(sent, sent, sending) 送，寄，发射 send sb. for... v. 派某人去找...
|
|
fail |
v. 失败，不及格，使失望，使不及格 fail to do sth. v. 没有... fail in an examination v. 通过[没通过]考试
|
|
win |
v.(won, won, winning) 获得，赢得，博得 win sympathy of... v. 博得...的同情 win sb. over v. 把某人争取过来，说服某人
|
|
fall |
vi.( fell, fallen, falling) 倒下，落下n.落下，下降，秋天，瀑布 fall asleep v.坠入梦乡 fall ill v.病倒 fall into... v. 落入..., 陷于(混乱,错误等)，分成... fall in love with... v. 爱上...
|
|
have |
v.(had, had, having)有， 进行，经历，遭受，使，让aux. 已经 have to /[have got to] do sth. v.不得不... had better adv. 最好 have a cold v. 感冒， 受凉， 伤风 have an effect on ... v. 对...有影响 have an impact on ... v. 对...有影响 have an interest in ... v. 对...有兴趣[关心] have been to ... v. 曾经到过... have difficulty in ... v. 对...有困难 have no choice but to do sth. v. 别无他法, 只好 have nothing to do with ... v. 与...无关 have something to do with v. 与...有一定的关系 have to do with ... v. 与...有关 have sth. done v. 让某事被做
|
|
use |
vt. 使用，利用，耗费n. 使用，利用，用途 make use of... v. 利用...，使用... use up... v. 用完...，耗尽...
|
|
follow |
vt. 跟随，理解，遵循，从事，注视 as follows adv.如下
|
|
add |
v. 加，增加，补充说 add to v. 增加... add up to v. 总计为... |
|
read |
v.读,阅读，理解，学习，写明 read through [over]... v. 从头到尾细读一遍... read... aloud v. 朗读...
|
|
forget |
vt. （forgot， forgotten， forgetting）忘记，忽略 forget to do sth. v. 忘记了要做... forget doing sth. v. 忘记曾经做过... |
|
remember |
vt. 回忆起，纪念, 记住 remember doing... v. 记得做过... remember to do ... v. 记住要做...
|
|
need |
v. 需要， 必须n. 需要，必需品vt. 需要aux. 需要， 必须 in need adv. 在危难中，在危急中 need not have done... v. 原本不必... need to do ... v. 需要做...
|
|
choose |
v. (chose, chosen, choosing)选择，决定 choose sth. from/among sth. v. 从...中挑选... choose to do ... v. 决定...
|
|
avoid |
vt. 避免，回避 avoid sth./doing sth. v. 避开/避免...
|
|
mention |
vt. 提及，说起
|
|
lose |
vt. (lost, lost, losing)遗失(miss)，失去，使迷路，输掉 lose weight v. 减轻体重，减肥 lose one’s courage v. 丧失勇气 lose interest (in...) v. 失去（对...的）兴趣 lose patience v. 失去耐心 lose one’s way v. 迷路
|
|
eat |
v. (ate, eaten, eating)吃 eat one’s words v. 收回前言，认错 eat up v.吃光, 耗尽 eat breakfast v. 吃早饭
|
|
drink |
v.( drank, drunk, drinking)喝, 喝酒n. 饮料, 酒 drink up... v. 喝光... soft drink n. 不含酒精的饮料 drunken driving n. 酒后开车
|
|
decide |
v. 决定， 裁决 decide to do sth.（=be determined to do sth.） v. 下决心做...
|
|
determine |
v. 决定，决心， 确定 be determined to do sth. v. 决心做某事 determine to do sth. v. 下决心做...
|
|
damage |
vt. 损害，伤害n. 损害，伤害 do damage to... v. 损害...，破坏...
|
|
hurt |
v. (hurt, hurt, hurting)伤害，(使)伤感情，受伤n. 伤痛 hurt one’s feelings v. 伤害某人的情感
|
|
kill |
v. 杀死，毁掉 kill time v. 消磨时间
|
|
cost |
（price）vt.(cost, cost, costing)(使)花费(金钱,时间等), 使失去(生命等) n. 成本, 价格 at the cost of... adv.以...为代价 at all costs(=at any cost) adv. 不惜任何代价, 无论如何 cost of living n. 生活费
|
|
spend |
v. (spent, spent, spending)花费，消耗，度过 spend (money/time)on sth. [in doing sth. ] v. 在某事上[做某事时]花（时间/金钱）
|
|
run |
v. （ran， run， running）跑，竞选，（液体等）流，行驶， 管理n. 跑 in the long run adv. 最后 run across... v. 偶然遇到... run out( of...) v. 用光(...)
|
|
drive |
v.( drove, driven, driving)驾驶(汽车等)，用车送， 驱动(机器等), 驱赶，逼迫n.驾车, 驱动器 drive... away v. 赶走...,开走 drive sb. mad v. 使某人发疯 |
|
start |
v. 出发，开始，创办n. 动身，出发点，开始 start doing... v. 开始做... start to do ... v. 开始做...
|
|
begin |
v. (began, begun, beginning) 开始，着手 begin to do ... v.开始... begin doing ... v.开始... to begin with adv. 首先，第一点(理由)
|
|
continue |
v. 继续，连续 continue doing sth v. 持续做某事
|
|
hold |
vt. (held, held, holding)拿着， 举行，认为 hold back v. 阻止，抑制(情感、情绪) hold on v. (打电话时用语)稍后， 别挂断，坚持下去 hold up v. 使...停滞，举起...，提出...(做榜样)
|
|
replace |
vt. 更换，代替，把...放回原处 replace.. with/by... v. 用...代替...
|
|
travel |
vi．(travelled, traveled, travelling)旅行，传播 n. 旅行 go on business travel v. 出差
|
|
reach |
vt. 到达，够得着， 和...联络 n. 延伸，到达距离，范围 reach for... v. 伸出手去拿... out of reach adv. 在...的范围之外 |
