affect influence touch impress sway move
动词的一般含义为使人或能作出反应的物产生或受到影响。
affect 的宾语是物时,它包含着足以引起反应的刺激,有时包含一定的改变。
The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health
天气稍有变化就会影响她那脆弱而娇嫩的身体。
当affect的宾语是人时,它表示引起心智上或感情上的影响,即感动
He was in no way affected by their misery.
他们的惨状一点也没打动他的心。
We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion
of our farm, are affected by flooding,…
我们的运气好,因为只有占我们农场极少部分的较低的田地受到洪水的影响。
influence 所表示的影响包含着"力量",比如"他是个有影响的人物".有时它包含着"诱使"的意思。
They having first persuaded themselves, contrive to influence their neighbours.
他们首先自己信服了之后,便设法诱使邻居
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisments.
谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the
physiological and mental state of the workers has been neglected.
在工业生活的组织中,工厂对工人的生理和心理状态上的影响完全被忽视了。
touch 所表示的"感动"有些象汉语的"感触",它总含有密切接触的意思。此外,touch在表示使人或物受到影响或感动时,总有如下的内涵:激发、搅起、伤害等等。
I do not wish to do anything which may touch your credit
我不想做任何会影响你的荣誉的事情。
Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how belief
their children usually have in their character and infallibility. …
如果父母意识到孩子通常多么相信父母的品格和父母的绝对正确,他们会大大震惊和深深被感动的……
impress 通常用于表示深受"感动",而且把所看到的东西,铭记在心。
but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.……
但是我掩盖不了这一事实,那些钻石之大给我留下了深刻的印象。
sway 的原义同上。