代词(三)
内 容 提 要
代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的功用。
不 定 代 词
一、“every”(每一个)只作为定语使用，即必须在其后加上单数可数名词构成名词短语，它不可与everyone(每一个)混淆。 everyone相当于名词，它不可修饰其他名词，只作主语或宾语
1) Every [A] knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated， but how many [B] realize that they were once [C] homes for the indigent and the friendless [D] ?
2) Everyone [A] child in the United States must [B] receive [C] some form of educational instruction [D] .
例题解析
1) A错。every不可单独充当句子成分，应在其后加上person或改为everyone.
2) A错。改为Every，修饰child.
二、“much”和“many”分别修饰不可数名词和可数名词，可作为代词(如much of)和形容词使用
3) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.
4) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments， much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their budgets from [D] it.
5) Data received from [A] two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence [B] that huge thunderstorms are now occurring [C] around the equator [D] of the planet Saturn.
例题解析
3) C错。应改为of many，因为被修饰词cultures为可数名词，故其修饰语应用many，而much要修饰不可数名词。
4) B错。应改用many，因此处所指代的是可数名词governments(复数)，many在本句中为代词，作非限定性定语从句的主语。
5) B错。应改为much evidence，因为evidence(证据，迹象)为不可数名词，故应用much来修饰。
三、 “some”和“any”是表示不定数量的代词，相当于汉语的“一些”，作定语可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，其中some(包括它的合成词something，someone， somebody)多用于肯定句，而any(包括它的合成词anything， anyone， anybody)则用于疑问句和否定句中，其中any在否定句中相当于汉语中的“任何”;形容词修饰something， someone， somebody， anything， anyone， anybody， nothing， nobody时，形容词要放在这些词的后边
6) Historians [A] have never reached some general [B] agreement about [C] the precise causes of the [D] Civil War in the United States.
例题解析
6) B错。应为any general，因为本句为否定句(否定副词never)，应该用any，此处表示“(没有达成过) 任何共识”。
四、“another”和“other”分别表示“另外的一个”(an+other)和“另外的”“其余的”意思，可以用作定语修饰名词或单独作主语与宾语，其中前者只用来修饰或指代单数可数名词，后者修饰单复数名词和不可数名词，二者不能相互混淆
7) Lizards lack [A] the builtin body temperature control [B] many another [C] creatures possess [D] .
8) Some bacterium are extremely [A] harmful， but anothers [B] are regularly [C] used in producing cheeses， crackers， and many other foods [D] .
9) Like [A] most another [B] art forms， the Greek tragedy had [C] its origins in religious [D] observances.
例题解析
7) C错。应改用other来修饰可数复数名词creatures.本句是一个省略了关系代词that(或which)的定语从句，control为名词作主句中及物动词(谓语)lack的宾语，同时又受其后面定语从句的修饰。
8) B错。 改为others.
9) B错。 改为other.
五、one与other “one”作为代词代替前面提到的人或物，它前边加the; “other”作代词修饰复数名词。 “one…another”表示“一个…另一个”的意思，或表示多个(三者以上)之中的“另一个”，“又一个”; “one…the other”表示两者之中剩下的“另一个，又一个”
10) I'd like to [A] buy a coat similar [B] to one [C] you are wearing [D] .
11) Though [A] Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight [B] vision in another [C] ， he became [D] an internationally renowned jazz musician.
例题解析
10) C错。改为to the one.
11) C错。应用the other，因为此处表示两者之中的另一个，Art Tatum为人的名字，他只有两只眼睛，故提到“另一只”时应用the other.
六、 “few”和“little”两者分别为“many”和“much”的反义词，表示“少，很少”的意思，有否定含义，即等于“几乎没有”，如若表示肯定的含义，则应在little和few前加不定冠词“a”，即变为“a few”和“a little”
